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Physical layer security of underlay cognitive radio using maximal ratio combining Article

Hui ZHAO,Dan-yang WANG,Chao-qing TANG,Ya-ping LIU,Gao-feng PAN,Ting-ting LI,Yun-fei CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 9,   Pages 929-937 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500351

Abstract: We investigate the secrecy outage performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) in cognitive radio networksequipped with ( 1) antennas where the MRC technique is adopted to improve its received signal-to-noise ratio

Keywords： Cognitive radio networks     Maximal ratio combining     Secrecy outage probability     Single-input multiple-output    

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Ergodic secrecy capacity ofMRC/SC in single-inputmultiple-output wiretap systems with imperfect channel state information Article

Hui ZHAO, You-yu TAN, Gao-feng PAN, Yun-fei CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4,   Pages 578-590 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500430

Abstract: This paper investigates the secrecy performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combiningMoreover, two important indicators, namely high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) slope and high SNR power

Keywords： Ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC)     Maximal ratio combining (MRC)     Weighting errors     Physical layer security     Selection combining (SC)     Single-input multiple-output (SIMO)    

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Role of biologic components in a novel floating-bed combining

Hailiang SONG, Xianning LI, Wei LI, Xiwu LU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 215-225 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0587-z

Abstract: A novel floating-bed incorporated with water spinach ( ), Asiatic clam ( ), and carrier media supported biofilm was developed for eutrophic water purification. The contributions of each biologic component to the removals of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and Chl.a were examined. The nutrient removals due to the direct uptake by either water spinach or Asiatic clam were less than 10%, suggesting a negligible role of biologic assimilation and leaving the biofilm as the indispensable biologic component in the floating-bed. Chl.a was reduced mainly by Asiatic clams via filter-feeding. Meanwhile, the digestion and excretion of Asiatic clams benefited the proliferation of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, resulting in the improvement of TN removal. In summary, the synergetic effects of water spinach, Asiatic clams and biofilms would promote the eutrophic water treatment performance of floating-bed in comparison with the conventional floating-bed with vegetation as the single biologic component.

Keywords： floating-bed     Corbicula fluminea     biofilm carrier     eutrophication    

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Investigating the challenges related to combining BIM and Last Planner System on construction sites

Conrad BOTON, Yaya PITTI, Daniel FORGUES, Ivanka IORDANOVA

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 172-182 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0086-4

Abstract: The construction industry is facing a gradual but important transformation toward more productivity and collaboration. In this framework, two major approaches are often cited in the literature as having the potential to improve the practices in the industry: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction. Several scientific studies have demonstrated the synergy of these two approaches and very recent research has reported positive results from the use of software applications as support for their implementation on construction sites. However, the stakes of such integration have been very little studied. This article presents the results of a research project conducted within a general contractor firm that decided to implement BIM and Last Planner System (LPS) on its construction sites. The research uses a four-stage action research approach, including the characterization of the research issue, the establishment of an action plan, its implementation and its evaluation. Compared to recent related studies, the research is less enthusiastic. While it highlights the need for new tools to improve production planning and control, it also points to a strong resistance to change by practitioners at the site. They emphasize the necessity for adequate pre-service training and the need for new resources that can work full-time on the ongoing training of site teams. In addition, some limitations of the tool lead workers to believe that it can quickly become a factor that slows down their daily work rather than improving it. Based on the advice of professionals, the paper formulates some recommendations to the industry, the researchers and the software developers.

Keywords： Building Information Modeling     Last Planner System     construction site     lean construction    

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Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 98-108 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0136-y

Abstract: Cities are incorporating smart and green infrastructure components in their urban design policies, adapting existing and new infrastructure systems to integrate technological advances to mitigate extreme weather due to climate change. Research has illustrated that smart green infrastructure (SGI) provides not only climate change resilience but also many health and wellbeing benefits that improve the quality of life of citizens. With the growing demand for smart technology, a series of problems and challenges, including governance, privacy, and security, must be addressed. This paper explores the potential to transition from grey, green, or smart silos to work with nature-based solutions and smart technology to help change cities to achieve considerable environmental and socio-economic benefits. The concepts of grey, green, and smart infrastructure are presented, and the needs, benefits, and applications are investigated. Moreover, the advantages of using integrated smart, green nature-based solutions are discussed. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken with keyword searches, including journal papers, stakeholder and case study reports, and local authority action plans. The methodology adopts multimethod qualitative information review, including literature, case studies, expert interviews, and documentary analysis. Published data and information are analysed to capture the key concepts in implementing SGI systems, such as storm-water control, flood and coastal defense, urban waste management, transportation, recreation, and asset management. The paper investigates the elimination of silo approaches and the alleviation of the destructions caused by extreme weather events using these interdependent SGI systems supported by novel data-driven platforms to provide nature-based solutions to boost the health and wellbeing of the residents.

Keywords： grey infrastructure     green infrastructure     smart infrastructure     smart and green combined infrastructure     smart cities     future cities    

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Framework design of a hybrid energy system by combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants

Nengsheng BAO, Weidou NI,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 205-210 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0073-2

Abstract: Owing to the stochastic characteristic of natural wind speed, the output fluctuation of wind farm has a negative impact on power grid when a large-scale wind farm is connected to a power grid. It is very difficult to overcome this impact only by wind farm itself. A novel power system called wind-gas turbine hybrid energy system was discussed, and the framework design of this hybrid energy system was presented in detail in this paper. The hybrid energy system combines wind farm with several small gas turbine power plants to form an integrated power station to provide a relatively firm output power. The small gas turbine power plant has such special advantages as fast start-up, shutdown, and quick load regulation to fit the requirement of the hybrid energy system. Therefore, the hybrid energy system uses the output from the small gas turbine power plants to compensate for the output fluctuation from the wind farm for the firm output from the whole power system. To put this hybrid energy system into practice, the framework must be designed first. The capacity of the wind farm is chosen according to the capacity and units of small gas turbine power plants, load requirement from power grid, and local wind energy resource distribution. Finally, a framework design case of hybrid energy system was suggested according to typical wind energy resource in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in China.

Keywords： framework design     hybrid energy system     wind farm     gas turbine power plants    

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Hydraulic Pressure Extremes Ratio & Extremes Ratio Efficiencies

Qi Maolin

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 73-75

Abstract: applies basic formula to the calculation of a relationship between the hydraulic pressure extremes ratioof hydraulic system and the extremes ratio efficiencies.This relationship shows that the greater the hydraulic pressure extremes ratio is, the lower the extremesratio efficiencies are.The article holds that the hydraulic pressure extremes ratio can be designed and chosen.

Keywords： hydraulic pressure extremes ratio     extremes ratio efficiencies     hydraulic system    

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Ribbed strip rolling by three-dimensional finite element method combining extremely thin array of elements

Zhengyi JIANG,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 52-60 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0087-9

Abstract: In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element modelling of the ribbed strip rolling is carried out, coupling the use of an extremely thin array of elements that is equivalent to the calculation of the additional shear deformation work rate occurred by the velocity discontinuity in the roll bite. The formulation of the finite element modelling by adding a rib inclined contact surface boundary condition is derived, and the performance of the proposed method is conducted. The simulated rib height, forward slip, and the pulling down of rib height have been compared with the measured values and are in good agreement. The equivalent strain rate of the rib was obtained in the simulation. The effect of the rib inclined angle on pulling down of rib height has also been discussed, which is helpful in optimizing the design of the rib inclined angle.

Keywords： rib inclined contact boundary condition     ribbed strip     extremely thin elements     pulling down of rib height     finite element modelling    

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Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation

Xiaojiang FAN,Yi TAO,Dequan WEI,Xihui ZHANG,Ying LEI,Hiroshi NOGUCHI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 112-120 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0745-y

Abstract: The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors from micro-polluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid (HoA), base (HoB) and neutral (HoN), weakly hydrophobic acid (WHoA) and hydrophilic matter (HiM) by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 87% of UV , 77% of trihalomethane (THMs) precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid (HAAs) precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde (CH) precursor, 77% of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) precursor, 96% of 1,1,1-trichloroacetone (TCP) precursor and 63% of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000–3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200–500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs.

Keywords： ceramic ultrafiltration(UF)     ozonation     organic matter     hydrophilic     hydrophobic     disinfection by-products    

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Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2,   Pages 165-178 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0892-3

Abstract: proposed approach involves solving a min–max optimization problem to suppress the maximum interstory drift ratioThe proposed methodology can shape the interstory drift ratio profiles into inverted triangular or quadratic

Keywords： interstory drift ratio     aggregation function     bound formulation     min–max problem     topology optimization    

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A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid

Tingting MA, Ying TENG, Peter CHRISTIE, Yongming LUO, Yongshan CHEN, Mao YE, Yujuan HUANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 31-42 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0463-2

Abstract: An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di- -butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10–0.31 μg·L and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20–70 μg·kg to a range of 90– 290 μg·kg . Linearity of response between 20 μg·L and 2 mg·L was also established and the correlation coefficients ( ) were all>0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China.

Keywords： phthalic acid esters     quality assurance and quality control     soil type     accelerated solvent extraction     certified reference materials    

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Phenolic rigid organic filler/isotactic polypropylene composites. II. Tensile properties

QI Dongming, SHAO Jianzhong, WU Minghua, NITTA Kohhei

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 396-401 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0077-1

Abstract: and the ultimate elongation of PP/KT specimens were close to those of unfilled iPP specimens when the maximal

Keywords： maximal     uniaxial tensile     unfilled     excellent tensile     influence    

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A methodology of implementing target mixing ratio for asphalt mixture

Yucheng HUANG, Lun JI, Rui WEN, Ming ZHANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3,   Pages 308-314 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0405-y

Abstract: of hot mix asphalt adequately during the construction process, the significance of objective mixing ratioThe results show that the set of methods can not only implement the objective mixing ratio of hot mix

Keywords： asphalt mixture     target mixing ratio     mix design implementation     batching & mixing plant debugging    

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Combining Market-Based Control with Distribution Grid Constraints when Coordinating Electric Vehicle Artical

Geert Deconinck,Klaas De Craemer,Bert Claessens

Engineering 2015, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 453-465 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015095

Abstract:

The charging of electric vehicles (EVs) impacts the distribution grid, and its cost depends on the price of electricity when charging. An aggregator that is responsible for a large fleet of EVs can use a market-based control algorithm to coordinate the charging of these vehicles, in order to minimize the costs. In such an optimization, the operational parameters of the distribution grid, to which the EVs are connected, are not considered. This can lead to violations of the technical constraints of the grid (e.g., under-voltage, phase unbalances); for example, because many vehicles start charging simultaneously when the price is low. An optimization that simultaneously takes the economic and technical aspects into account is complex, because it has to combine time-driven control at the market level with event-driven control at the operational level. Different case studies investigate under which circumstances the market-based control, which coordinates EV charging, conflicts with the operational constraints of the distribution grid. Especially in weak grids, phase unbalance and voltage issues arise with a high share of EVs. A low-level voltage droop controller at the charging point of the EV can be used to avoid many grid constraint violations, by reducing the charge power if the local voltage is too low. While this action implies a deviation from the cost-optimal operating point, it is shown that this has a very limited impact on the business case of an aggregator, and is able to comply with the technical distribution grid constraints, even in weak distribution grids with many EVs.

Keywords： electric vehicle charging     distribution grid     combining technical and economic objectives     distributed control    

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Novel drive mechanism for in-tube micro robots

CHEN Yangzhi, XING Guangquan, PENG Xuefei, LIU Wenguang, YAO Huaping

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 94-98 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0016-8

Abstract: The mechanical model of the novel drive mechanism is built, and the maximal transmission force is deducedThen, sufficient experiments are carried out to test maximal transmission force produced by the novel

Keywords： limited     conventional transmission     maximal transmission     upright     calculation    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Physical layer security of underlay cognitive radio using maximal ratio combining

Hui ZHAO,Dan-yang WANG,Chao-qing TANG,Ya-ping LIU,Gao-feng PAN,Ting-ting LI,Yun-fei CHEN

Journal Article

Ergodic secrecy capacity ofMRC/SC in single-inputmultiple-output wiretap systems with imperfect channel state information

Hui ZHAO, You-yu TAN, Gao-feng PAN, Yun-fei CHEN

Journal Article

Role of biologic components in a novel floating-bed combining

Hailiang SONG, Xianning LI, Wei LI, Xiwu LU

Journal Article

Investigating the challenges related to combining BIM and Last Planner System on construction sites

Conrad BOTON, Yaya PITTI, Daniel FORGUES, Ivanka IORDANOVA

Journal Article

Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

Journal Article

Framework design of a hybrid energy system by combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants

Nengsheng BAO, Weidou NI,

Journal Article

Hydraulic Pressure Extremes Ratio & Extremes Ratio Efficiencies

Qi Maolin

Journal Article

Ribbed strip rolling by three-dimensional finite element method combining extremely thin array of elements

Zhengyi JIANG,

Journal Article

Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation

Xiaojiang FAN,Yi TAO,Dequan WEI,Xihui ZHANG,Ying LEI,Hiroshi NOGUCHI

Journal Article

Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

Journal Article

A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid

Tingting MA, Ying TENG, Peter CHRISTIE, Yongming LUO, Yongshan CHEN, Mao YE, Yujuan HUANG

Journal Article

Phenolic rigid organic filler/isotactic polypropylene composites. II. Tensile properties

QI Dongming, SHAO Jianzhong, WU Minghua, NITTA Kohhei

Journal Article

A methodology of implementing target mixing ratio for asphalt mixture

Yucheng HUANG, Lun JI, Rui WEN, Ming ZHANG

Journal Article

Combining Market-Based Control with Distribution Grid Constraints when Coordinating Electric Vehicle

Geert Deconinck,Klaas De Craemer,Bert Claessens

Journal Article

Novel drive mechanism for in-tube micro robots

CHEN Yangzhi, XING Guangquan, PENG Xuefei, LIU Wenguang, YAO Huaping

Journal Article